Kailyn, a nursing assistant, is caring for a patient who has been in a coma for an extended period of time. She hears about a research study on the effects of giving electric shocks to coma patients and volunteers her patient as a subject. She feels that the potential benefits of the research outweigh the risks, so it is worth conducting. Is an ethical principle being violated?

No, because the benefits of the pharmaceuticals outweigh the risks.
No, because the patient’s consent can be assumed due to the coma.
Yes, because pharmaceutical research can be risky.
Yes, because the patient did not consent to the research.